What Is the Difference Between ââålikingã¢ââ and ââåappreciatingã¢ââ a Work of Art?
Latin letter of the alphabet A with diaeresis
Ä (lower case ä) is a graphic symbol that represents either a letter from several extended Latin alphabets, or the letter A with an umlaut marking or diaeresis.
Usage [edit]
Contained letter of the alphabet [edit]
The letter Ä occurs as an independent letter in the Finnish, Swedish, Skolt Sami, Karelian, Estonian, Luxembourgian, North Frisian, Saterlandic, Emiliano-Romagnolo, Rotuman, Slovak, Tatar, Gagauz, German, and Turkmen alphabets, where it represents a vowel sound. In Finnish, Turkmen and Tatar, this is always /æ/; in Swedish and Estonian, regional variation, likewise as the letter'southward position in a word, allows for either [æ] or [ɛ]. In German and Slovak Ä stands for [ɛ] (or the archaic but correct [æ]). In the romanization of the Nanjing dialect, Ä stands for [ɛ].
The sign at the bus station of the Finnish town Mynämäki, illustrating an artistic variation of the letter Ä.
In the Nordic countries, the vowel audio [æ] was originally written as "Æ" when Christianisation caused the former Vikings to start using the Latin alphabet effectually A.D. 1100. The alphabetic character Ä arose in High german and later in Swedish from originally writing the E in AE on meridian of the A, which with time became simplified every bit 2 dots. In the Icelandic, Faeroese, Danish and Norwegian alphabets, "Æ" is still used instead of Ä.
Finnish adopted the Swedish alphabet during the 700 years that Finland was part of Sweden. Although the phenomenon of Germanic umlaut does non exist in Finnish, the phoneme /æ/ does. Estonian gained the alphabetic character through loftier and extensive exposure to German language, with Depression German throughout centuries of effective Baltic German language dominion, and to Swedish, during the 160 years of Estonia every bit a part of the Swedish Empire until 1721.
The alphabetic character is also used in some Romani alphabets.
Emilian-Romagnol [edit]
In Emilian-Romagnol ä is used to represent [æ], occurring in some Emilian dialects, e.g. Bolognese bän [bæŋ] "well" and żänt [zæŋt] "people".
Kazakh [edit]
Under Kassym-Jomart Tokayev'south suggestions to modify the Kazakh Latin alphabet, it will represent the IPA /æ/, and the Cyrillic Ә is to be replaced by this alphabetic character, the replacement letter of the alphabet was Á in the 2018 proposal.
Cyrillic [edit]
Ӓ is used in some alphabets invented in the 19th century which are based on the Cyrillic script. These include Mari, Altay[ citation needed ] and the Keräşen Tatar alphabet.
Umlaut-A [edit]
A like glyph, A with umlaut, appears in the German alphabet. It represents the umlauted form of a [aː] ( [a] when curt), resulting in [ɛː] (or [eː] for many speakers) in the case of the long [aː] and [ɛ] in the case of the short [a]. In High german, it is called Ä (pronounced [ɛː]) or Umlaut-A . Referring to the glyph as A-Umlaut is an uncommon practice, and would exist cryptic, as that term also refers to Germanic a-mutation. The digraph ⟨äu⟩ is used for the fronting diphthong [ɔʏ] (otherwise spelled with ⟨eu⟩) when it acts every bit the umlauted class of the backing diphthong [aʊ] (spelled ⟨au⟩); compare Baum [ˈbaʊm] 'tree' with Bäume [ˈbɔʏmə] 'trees'. In German dictionaries, the letter is collated together with A, while in German phonebooks the letter is collated equally AE. The letter also occurs in some languages which have adopted German names or spellings, but is not a part of these languages' alphabets. It has recently been introduced in revivalist Ulster-Scots writing.
The letter of the alphabet was originally an A with a lowercase east on pinnacle, which was afterwards stylized to ii dots.
In other languages that do not have the letter as part of the regular alphabet or in express character sets such every bit Usa-ASCII, Ä is oft replaced with the two-letter combination "Ae".
Phonetic alphabets [edit]
- In the International Phonetic Alphabet, ä represents an open central unrounded vowel (in distinction to an open up front unrounded vowel).
- in the Rheinische Dokumenta, a phonetic alphabet for many West Key High german, Depression Rhenish, and a few related languages, "ä" represents the sound [ɛ].
Typography [edit]
Historically A-diaeresis was written as an A with ii dots above the alphabetic character. A-umlaut was written every bit an A with a small e written above (Aͤ aͤ): this minute e degenerated to 2 vertical bars in medieval handwriting (A̎ a̎). In most later handwritings these bars in plough nearly became dots.
Æ, a highly like ligature evolving from the aforementioned origin as Ä, evolved in the Icelandic, Danish and Norwegian alphabets. The Æ ligature was as well common in Former English, merely had largely disappeared in Middle English language.
In modern typography there was bereft space on typewriters and later estimator keyboards to allow for both A-diaeresis (also representing Ä) and A-umlaut. Since they looked virtually-identical the 2 glyphs were combined, which was besides done in calculator character encodings such equally ISO 8859-one. As a result, at that place was no way to differentiate between the different characters. Unicode theoretically provides a solution, only recommends it only for highly specialized applications.[ane]
Ä is also used to represent the ə (the schwa sign) in situations where the glyph is unavailable, every bit used in the Tatar and Azeri languages. Turkmen started to utilize Ä officially instead of the schwa from 1993 onwards.
Reckoner encoding [edit]
| Preview | Ä | ä | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unicode name | LATIN CAPITAL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS | LATIN Small Letter of the alphabet A WITH DIAERESIS | ||
| Encodings | decimal | hex | dec | hex |
| Unicode | 196 | U+00C4 | 228 | U+00E4 |
| UTF-eight | 195 132 | C3 84 | 195 164 | C3 A4 |
| Numeric grapheme reference | Ä | Ä | ä | ä |
| Named character reference | Ä | ä | ||
| EBCDIC family unit | 99 | 63 | 67 | 43 |
| ISO 8859-1/2/iii/four/ix/ten/13/14/xv/sixteen | 196 | C4 | 228 | E4 |
| MS-DOS alt code | alt+142 | alt+132 | ||
References [edit]
- ^ Unicode FAQ Characters and Combining Marks – "Unicode doesn't seem to distinguish between trema and umlaut, but I need to distinguish. What shall I do?"
External links [edit]
 | Wait up ä in Wiktionary, the free lexicon. |
- The IstroRomanians in Croatia: Alphabet
Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%84
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